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Tupolev Tu-144

Tupolev · Supersonic transport · Retired

The first supersonic airliner.

Length65.7 m
Wingspan28.8 m
Range6,500 km
MTOW207 t
Typical seats140
Built16
Our numbers

Derived metrics

Computed by aircraft.fyi from the core specification — see how we calculate these.

Seats per metre#29 of 35
2.13 seats/m typical seats ÷ fuselage length
Range per tonne#57 of 65
31.4 km/t maximum range ÷ MTOW in tonnes
Span-to-length ratio#67 of 68
0.44 wingspan ÷ fuselage length
Weight per metre#30 of 68
3.15 t/m MTOW ÷ fuselage length
Range in hours#49 of 65
2.8 h maximum range ÷ cruise speed
Weight per seat#2 of 35
1479 kg MTOW ÷ typical seats
Sense of scale

How big is it, really?

The Tupolev Tu-144's wingspan, against things you already know the size of.

Tupolev Tu-14428.8 m
Football pitch (width)68 m
Blue whale25 m
New Routemaster bus11.2 m
You (probably)1.75 m
Specification

The numbers

Length65.70 m
Wingspan28.80 m
Height12.50 m
MTOW (Tu-144D)207,000 kg
CruiseMach 2.15
Range (Tu-144D)≈6,500 km
Engines (D)4 × Kolesov RD-36-51A
First flight31 December 1968
Built16

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Last verified: 2026-07-14 · Spot an error? business@luck.fyi

The story

What makes it different

The Tu-144 beat Concorde into the air by two months — 31 December 1968 — and past Mach 2 first as well. It was bigger and faster on paper, and needed retractable canard winglets behind the cockpit to land at manageable speeds. The Western press nicknamed it Concordski for its resemblance to its rival.

It won the race and lost everything after. One aircraft broke up in front of 250,000 people at the 1973 Paris Air Show; another crashed in testing in 1978. Its passenger career totalled 55 flights, Moscow to Almaty, cabin so loud that passengers passed notes — and then it was quietly withdrawn.

The strangest afterlife in aviation followed: NASA leased one in the 1990s as a flying supersonic laboratory. Sixteen were built; several survive in museums, including one improbably mounted on the roof of a technology museum in Sinsheim, Germany, next to a Concorde.

Common questions

Tupolev Tu-144 — the short answers

How fast is the Tupolev Tu-144?
The Tupolev Tu-144 cruises at about 2,285 km/h — roughly 1234 knots, or 1,420 mph.
How far can the Tupolev Tu-144 fly?
The Tupolev Tu-144 has a maximum range of about 6,500 km (3,510 nautical miles, 4,040 miles). At its cruise speed that is roughly 2.8 hours in the air.
How many people does the Tupolev Tu-144 carry?
A typical Tupolev Tu-144 carries 140 passengers. Exact figures vary with the operator's chosen configuration.
Is the Tupolev Tu-144 still in production?
Status: Retired. The Tupolev Tu-144 first flew in 1968, and about 16 have been built.
How big is the Tupolev Tu-144?
The Tupolev Tu-144 is 65.7 m long with a wingspan of 28.8 m and a height of 12.5 m. Its maximum takeoff weight is 207,000 kg.
Variants

The Tupolev Tu-144 line

Tu-144S
The initial production aircraft — Paris 1973 was one of these.
Tu-144D
Definitive version with new engines and real range.
Tu-144LL
The NASA flying laboratory, 1996–1999.
Operators

Who flies the Tupolev Tu-144

No current operators — this aircraft's flying days are over. The operators of record are below.

RUAeroflotThe only airline operator — 55 passenger flights, Moscow–Almaty, 1977–78.